Basic technique sprint

Sprint technique 
technique is highly critical of the performance during a sprint race. Through the stages of the race demands sprint technique varied as muscle activity, their time pattern and metabolic activity of the athletes from the reaction phase to phase transition the ultimate goal is to develop the speed from a stationary position.
sprint main objective is to maximize the horizontal velocity , the resulting loss of thrust to the fore. Running speed is determined by the length and frequency-step-step. to be able to run fast an athlete must increase one or both. Goal-sprint technique during a race is to deploy the optimum amount of power to the ground in a short time. A good technique is characterized by a decrease in braking power, effective arm arm, leg and body movements and a high-level coordination of whole body movements (IAAF, 1993: 22).
run the 100m sprint technique can be broken down into stages as follows:
1. Reaction steps and the drive
2. Stage run akelerasi
3. Phase transition / change
4. Maximum speed stage
5. Maintenance phase speed of
6. Finish
a sprint race to follow the same basic pattern, but the length and the relative importance of various stages. In the aspect of biomechanics running speed is determined by the length of step and step frequency (number of steps in the per unit time). To be able to outrun an athlete must increase one or both. Optimal relationship between step length and step frequency of the stages varies for different races. In the sprint, there are several stages, namely:
1. Start
The IAAF (2001: 6) a good start is marked with the following properties:
a. Konentrasi full and remove all distractions from the outside when in the position of the cue "bersediaaaaa"
b. Adopt an appropriate stance on the current position of the cue "siaaap"
c. An explosive impulse by two feet to start-block, the start point of the maximum
technique used to start should ensure that the greatest possible power can be generated by the athletes as close to the optimum angle-start 450. after the fastest possible reaction should be followed by a move (run) a strong acceleration of gravity and the center-point of the first steps should lead to maximum likelihood.
There are three variations in the start-squatting is determined by the placement start-block relative to the starting line: a. Start-short (bunch-start), b. Start-medium (medium-start), c. Start-length (elongated-start). Start medium is generally recommended, ince it provides opportunities for athletes to apply power in a longer time than the start-length (producing higher speeds), but does not require much power as the start-short (bunch-start). An assessment of the start-squat technique can therefore begin with the start of the medium. There are three parts to start the movement, namely:
a. Position "bersediaaa"
In this position sprinter taking early stance or position "bersediaaa", the foot of the fastest / agile placed on the surface of the sloping side of the front block. The hand is placed behind the starting line and support the body (see picture). The hind legs are placed
on the rear surface of the block, the eye could see the ground ahead, neck relaxed, head in line with the body (see figure). According to the IAAF (2001: 8) position of "siaaap" This is of basic importance that the athlete receives a posstur in a position to start " siaaap "which ensures an optimum angle of each leg to push it, a corresponding position of the center of gravity when the leg is straightened and the initial grip the muscles needed for an explosive contraction of the muscles of the leg. major signs of a position "siaaap" which The optimum power is: 1.Balanced weight distribution 2. Higher than the hip pivot axis of the shoulder 3. The center of gravity forward 4. Knee angle at foot of 900 fathoms, 5. 1200 knee angle on the hind legs 6. straightened leg press start block c. Position (on cue) "yes"thrust leg and foot in a start can be analyzed using on-board power pengalas dibangu the start block. When the feet hit the board on at the start, the impulse can be transmitted to and displayed on a dynamo-meter. Direction and duration of the impulse force, also timing of the impulse of each leg can be recorded. a key feature to note is: 1. rear legs moving first. Pattern indicates that the power of the very high peak power imposed starting-point of motion acceleration of the athlete's center of gravity rapidly decreased. 2. The application of the force of the front leg starts a little slow motion acceleration that allows point-center of gravity to the rear legs continue after the urge to disappear, and lasted longer. In fact, the strength of the force used by the fore-foot is approximately twice that of the rear legs. stage of recovery (recovery). Knee flexor muscles of the buttocks with a raised heel forward bending (flexio) forward in unison from the thigh muscles.Lower leg still bent tightly against the thigh moment of inertia parse. The knee is prepared to lead a relaxed swing forward of the lower leg in the next step scratch.Active knee push lever mennyangga short of leg swing. Optimal angular velocity of the thigh swings forward to help ensure a high frequency of running steps.

The purpose and function of this stage is to push the feet lost contact with the ground. Relax feet, swaying steps toward making active leg above the knee and as a stage prop up your knees and force preparation. The characteristics of the sign atu-tangda this stage are:
1. Relax swing that is not supported on the back foot to the heel close to panta.This short pendulum as a result of the high angular velocity allows to make quick steps.
2. Force the heel because the active encouragement knee, and must display the total relaxation of all muscles involved.
3. Horizontal traveling hip sustained as a result of the movement described
b. Front of the swing phase. Phase knees. This stage is a long step, and encouragement contributed waist. Effective preparation of the ground contact.Corner of the knee raised about 150 below the horizontal. Rearward movement of the lower leg

up to scratch sutau active movement of the foot above the base joints of the toes of the foot preformance supine position. Foot speed is achieved by moving downward / rearward as an indicator of active planting of the results in a rapid increase of the vertical component. 
purpose and function of this stage is that the knee is removed, is responsible for the effective length of step, in connection with the intensive arm swing . Forward and assure the horizontal route waist. Preparation for landing ith a scratch and a little movement possible obstacles in front of the stage antlers. This stage has the characteristics or signs, namely:
1. Force thigh / knee horizontally almost horizontal, set foot on the contrary as the most important prerequisite of a step-length and optimal fast.
2. Knee lift motion aided by the use of a diametrically opposite arm intenssif.
3. Elbow lifted upward and backward.
4. Dlam continued to swing forward to Relax from the lower limbs due to hip alignment is off, with the intention to start scratching motion of the active leg.

Ø  Phase Amortization

Recovery of the landing pressure is put on hold. There are tools the initial activation of the muscles that are initiated in the previous stage. The idea was to avoid the effect of braking / obstacles that are too large to make a long stage prop / prop short as possible. This phase has the purpose and function as the amortization phase of a major work phases. Controlling the landing foot pressure by the quadriceps muscles are activated earlier and leg muscles aim to make something explossif motion to extend the previous step.

This stage has the following characteristics or marks:

A. Active movement of the outer claw foot with your fingers upward.

2. Range of active forward must not add to the long-step unnaturally, but permitted the waist (center of gravity of the body) runs quickly retorted feet above the point.

3. Avoid a power inhibiting excessive.

4. The contact time in front tine must be as short as possible.

Ø  Support the Stage / Support your back

The magnitude of horizontal impulse and encouragement marked. It is a long buffering brief.Angle as close to the horizontal thrust. There is an elastic extension of the joints of the foot, knee and hip. Support the linear movement of the swing arm by a force efektif of the elbow in a swing back, swing legs and intensify the drive and determine how effective are the center of body mass by transverse movement of the expansion push. Togok body facing forward.

Criteria for the buffering stages are:

A. Short time of period prop / prop whole.

2. A significant acceleration impulses in the back of the stage prop.

3. An optimum time of the acceleration impulse at stage prop / prop back.

4. There is almost no braking power / resistance at the rebuttal stage.

The purpose and function of this stage is a re-acceleration phase, a buffer for a short time, and the preparation and development of a rapid horizontal thrust.

This stage has the characteristics or signs, namely:

A. Placing the foot with an active, followed by alignment of the joints: feet, knees, hips.

2. Using the muscles of the plantar-flexor muscles and straightening all the corsets feet.

3. Straight line and the body leaning forward about 85 ⁰  with the track.

4. The use of the active arm bent about 90 ⁰  in the opposite direction from the direction of the race.

5. Elbow leads the arm movement.

6. The muscles of the head, neck, shoulders and body are relaxed.

7. Early stages of the swing motion of the knee raised leg.

c. Movement finish

Finish the movement is a movement of followers or additional motions before stopping completely after running maximum. It is intended that the body can adapt back and prevent injuries